What condition can be caused by frequent manicures that damage the nail matrix?

• A. Leukonychia
• B. Onycholysis
• C. Onychorrhexis
• D. Koilonychia

Answer: (C)

The condition caused by frequent manicures that damage the nail matrix is onychorrhexis. This condition is characterized by the presence of vertical ridges or splits in the nail plate, which can occur due to trauma or persistent aggression to the nails, such as frequent manicures that stress the nail matrix.

When the nail matrix, the tissue under the base of the nail, is repeatedly damaged, it can lead to poor nail formation and structural weakness, leading to the brittle and split appearance associated with onychorrhexis. These changes may result from both physical manipulation and exposure to harsh chemicals during manicure processes, further weakening the nail structure.

In contrast, leukonychia refers to white spots on the nails, usually due to minor trauma or systemic issues. Onycholysis involves the separation of the nail from the nail bed, often due to fungal infections or excessive moisture. Koilonychia, or spoon nails, often indicates underlying health issues and is not directly related to the mechanical damage from manicures. Thus, the correct answer highlights a direct result of damage caused by frequent manicuring practices.